Child malnutrition remains major health risk factors

It listed air pollution, dietary risks, high blood pressure and diabetes as other key health risk factors facing the country.

The Survey noted however that there has been significant improvement in the health status of the

individual as life expectancy at birth has increased by approximately 10 years from 1990 to 2015.

Limited affordability and access to quality medical services are however among the major challenges contributing to delayed or inappropriate responses to disease

control and patient management, said the Economic Survey for 2017-18, tabled in Parliament by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley.

The share of out of pocket expenditure (OoPE) on health stands at a staggering 62 per cent and adversely impacts the poorer sections and widens inequalities, it said.

While the expenditure by the government healthcare providers accounted for about 23 per cent of the Current Health Expenditure (CHE) as per National Health Accounts 2014 -15, the share of private hospitals and clinics stood at 31 per cent.

The findings of household health expenditure survey in India indicate that about 10 per cent of OoPE on health was spent by households on diagnostics (including medicines and diagnostic test as part of package) during 2013-14, the survey said.

There is a wide difference in average prices of diagnostic tests across various cities in India, and the range in the prices is substantial, it noted.

"There is a need to prioritise standardisation of rates by devising appropriate

quality assurance framework and regulatory mechanism," it added.

The Survey said that although the government has already enacted "Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act, 2010 and notified the Clinical

Establishments (Central Government) Rules, 2012 to regulate the clinical establishments across the country, presently, the act is applicable in 10 States/UTs, which needs to be taken up by remaining States while ensuring strict compliance as well".