In last 5 years, RBI transferred 75% of its income as surplus

NEW DELHI: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) transferred around Rs 2.5 lakh crore to the government during the last five years, which was around 75 per cent of the central bank's income, says The Economic Times website.

While analysing the government's finance account last year, the Comptroller and Auditor General studied RBI's income, expenditure and surplus transferred to the Centre between 2013-14 and 2017-18 and found that out of its income of Rs 3.3 lakh crore, the central bank had transferred Rs 2.48 lakh crore. The highest payout was in 2015-16, when 83 per cent of the RBI's income was transferred to the Centre as surplus.

RBI's reserves have been a bone of contention, with the government keen to increase the payout. What has added to the discord in recent years is the Economic Survey pointing out that RBI has higher reserves than other central banks.

In the recent past, RBI has been transferring surplus of around Rs 65,000 crore annually to the government, barring 2017 when its expenditure more than doubled to Rs 31,000 crore. Till 2016-17, the RBI's expenditure remained below Rs 15,000 crore but shot up due to higher cost of printing currency notes at the time of demonetisation.

In a speech last month, RBI deputy governor Viral Acharya had hit out at the government for seeking higher dividend and cited the example of Argentina, where a similar development took place eight years ago, to argue that the central bank's autonomy should not be compromised. The issue was one of the key agenda items at the marathon board meeting of the RBI.

Meanwhile, according to two sources, the RBI estimates that Indian banks will have capacity to lend an extra 2.5 trillion rupees to Rs 3 trillion ($35 billion to $42 billion) over the next year after it decided to relax a deadline for lenders to boost capital ratios, .

Under pressure from Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government to spur lending ahead of elections, the RBI agreed at its board meeting on Monday to extend a deadline for lenders to further lift capital conservation buffers by a year to March 31.

The relaxation will also reduce banks' capital requirements by about 300 billion to 350 billion rupees of capital, the two sources said, adding that the numbers were shared by the RBI at the board meeting.

The relaxation is a credit negative for Indian banks, international credit rating agency Moody's Investors Services said. During Monday's nine-hour meeting, the board advised the central bank to act to support small businesses and give banks more time to step up capital norms. The government had been lobbying furiously for such moves for weeks.

"The RBI has agreed at the board meeting to allow banks to restructure the stressed loans to small and medium size companies," the first source told Reuters, though the central bank had not been so specific in its press statement on Monday.

The RBI's board meeting, usually a staid affair, came sharply into focus after top government officials pressed the RBI to ease lending and capital rules for banks, provide more liquidity to the shadow banking sector, support lending to small businesses and let the government use more of the RBI's surplus reserves to boost the economy.

"The broad concern that board members wanted the RBI to address was that no one should be starved of credit," the second source said.

The source said there were no fireworks at the meeting unlike during the run-up, when strains between the government and the central bank became public, leading to speculation that Governor Urjit Patel might resign.

"Everyone was sophisticated in their behaviour and everyone participated in the discussions. All the decisions were taken with everyone's consent," the source said.

Three topics were discussed at the meeting - lending to small businesses, capital buffers for banks and the RBI's reserve adequacy. Presentations were made by RBI as well as finance ministry officials.

The Modi government wants to boost growth as it is concerned that low crop prices and difficulties faced by small businesses may dent its prospects in numerous state polls over coming weeks, and a nationwide election due by May next year.

Seeking help to bolster the economy, government officials and one independent RBI director had called for strong actions by the central bank.

Unhappy over the persistent pressure on the RBI, Deputy Governor Viral Acharya warned last month that undermining central bank independence could be "catastrophic".

The next meeting on Dec. 14 will take up issues on liquidity, risk weights and capital provisioning for banks and governance of the RBI, the first source said.

"The RBI, the government and the independent board members - all of us are on the same page when it comes to doing what's the best for the country. The only difference in opinion is on how and how much," the

source added.