Tokyo/Beijing: The Russian president, Vladimir Putin, has warned that the escalating North Korean crisis could cause a "planetary catastrophe" and huge loss of life.
"Ramping up military hysteria in such conditions is senseless; it's a dead end," he told reporters in China. "It could lead to a global, planetary catastrophe and a huge loss of human life. There is no other way to solve the North Korean nuclear issue, save that of peaceful dialogue."
On Sunday North Korea carried out its sixth and by far its most powerful nuclear test to date. The underground blast triggered a magnitude-6.3 earthquake and was more powerful than the bombs dropped by the US on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during the second world war.
Putin was attending the Brics summit, bringing together the leaders of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Speaking on the final day of the summit in Xiamen, China, he said Russia condemned North Korea's provocations but said further sanctions would be useless and ineffective.
Foreign interventions in Iraq and Libya had convinced the North Korean leader, Kim Jong-un, that he needed nuclear weapons to survive, Putin said.
"We all remember what happened with Iraq and Saddam Hussein. His children were killed, I think his grandson was shot, the whole country was destroyed and Saddam Hussein was hanged ... We all know how this happened and people in North Korea remember well what happened in Iraq.
"They will eat grass but will not stop their [nuclear] programme as long as they do not feel safe."
Putin's warning came as South Korea refused to rule out redeploying US tactical nuclear weapons on its territory – a move that could seriously harm efforts to ease tensions as signs emerged that Pyongyang was preparing to launch another intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM).
Seoul has routinely dismissed the option of basing US nuclear weapons on South Korean soil for the first time since the 1990s, but the country's defence minister, Song Young-moo, said "all available military options" were being considered to address the growing threat from North Korean missiles.
On Tuesday, South Korean warships conducted live-fire drills, with more exercises planned this week.
"If the enemy launches a provocation above water or under water, we will immediately hit back to bury them at sea," said Capt Choi Young-chan, commander of the 13th Maritime Battle Group.
The drills came hours after Donald Trump and his South Korean counterpart, Moon Jae-in, agreed to remove restrictions on the size of Seoul's missile warheads and approved a deal to sell it "many billions of dollars'" worth of US military weapons and equipment.